27 Jan 20 Ways to Communicate with a Nonverbal or Nonspeaking Child

At Amazing K Autism School, we work daily with children who communicate in unique and wonderful ways. Many of the children we serve are non-speaking, and through our experience, we’ve learned one vital truth: “Every child has something to say”.

As parents and educators, we must unlock the methods that best allow the child to express their thoughts, feelings, and needs. Non-speaking does not mean non-communicative, and while these children may process language differently, it does not mean they are not hearing or understanding the words spoken to them.

We’ve also found that it’s far more beneficial for a child to have a communication method that feels natural to them than for us to enforce a rigid idea of what communication “should” look like.

Honouring the child’s individuality opens doors to connection, trust, and growth. Below, we explore 20 approaches that have been invaluable in our journey to help children find their voice.

Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

PECS has revolutionised how many non-speaking children communicate. By using pictures to represent objects, activities, or feelings, children can hand a picture to a caregiver or communication partner – to express their needs. It’s simple, effective, and empowering for children who thrive on visual cues.

AAC Devices

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices, like Go Talk boards or tablet apps, allow children with limited speech to “speak” through technology. These devices range from basic options with a few buttons to complex systems that grow with the child’s communication skills.

Sign Language

While not every child will adapt to sign language, simple signs for common words like “eat,” “help,” or “bathroom” can bridge the gap between frustration and understanding. It’s a language that requires no tools—just your hands and a willingness to learn alongside the child.

Gestures and Body Language

Some children naturally use gestures to communicate, such as pointing, waving, or pulling a caregiver toward an object they desire. We can respond meaningfully by paying close attention to these cues and building on this natural expression.

Visual Schedules

For many children with autism, a structured routine is key to feeling secure. Visual schedules—using pictures to outline the day’s activities—help children anticipate what’s next, reducing anxiety and fostering independence.

Social Stories

Social stories are short narratives that describe specific situations, teaching children what to expect and how to react. For example, a story might explain how to request a favourite toy or greet a peer, providing the child with a mental script to follow.

Choice Boards

Giving children choices empowers them to feel heard. A choice board visually displays options (like snacks, activities, or emotions), enabling the child to select their preference by pointing or handing over a picture.

Eye-Gaze Communication

Eye-gaze communication is a powerful alternative for children who may not use their hands to point or sign. By observing where a child’s eyes focus, we can determine their choices or interests, offering another way for them to express themselves.

Songs and Rhymes

Music is a universal language; we’ve seen remarkable connections happen when children engage through songs and rhymes. Rhythm and repetition can help children remember words, actions, and sequences in a joyful, stress-free way.

Interactive Games

Games that encourage turn-taking, matching, or role-playing not only entertain but also teach foundational communication skills and are a fantastic way to build social bonds between peers and caregivers.

Emotion Cards

Identifying and expressing emotions can be challenging for non-speaking children. Emotion cards provide visual representations of feelings, helping children to label and communicate emotions effectively.

Art and Drawing

Creative outlets like drawing and painting allow children to express thoughts and emotions without using words. We often glimpse what’s on a child’s mind through colours, shapes, and patterns.

Tactile Communication

For some children, the sense of touch is a preferred mode of interaction. Tools like textured cards, sensory toys, or simple hand-over-hand guidance can facilitate natural communication with the child.

Consistent Routines

Predictability in daily routines helps children feel safe and understood. Integrating communication methods into these routines—such as always using a visual schedule or offering choices—strengthens the child’s communication ability.

Observation and Patience

Sometimes, the best tool is our attention. Observing a child’s actions, expressions, and interactions can uncover their unique communication methods. This process requires patience but yields invaluable insights.

Reinforcement and Encouragement

Every attempt to communicate—whether a gesture, sound, or eye movement—should be met with enthusiasm and reinforcement. This encouragement motivates the child to continue exploring their abilities.

Narrating Actions

By narrating what we’re doing (“Now we’re putting on shoes!”) or what the child is doing, we model language in a way that’s natural and connected to the moment. This helps build vocabulary and understanding.

Collaborative Efforts

Communication is a team effort. Therapists, teachers, and family members must collaborate to create a consistent approach and ensure the child feels supported in every environment.

Technology and Apps

In the digital age, there’s no shortage of tools designed to support non-speaking individuals. Technology can provide innovative ways for children to communicate, from interactive apps to wearable devices.

Adaptability and Growth

As children grow, their communication needs and preferences may change. By remaining adaptable and open to new methods, we ensure that the child’s voice continues to be heard.

At Amazing K, we believe communication is a fundamental human right, not a privilege reserved for those who can speak. Every child deserves to be understood, and it’s our joy and responsibility to discover how best to make that happen.

By embracing various strategies and celebrating each child’s individuality, we can help them thrive in a world that sometimes forgets to listen.